Never give them human food - otherwise they will want it again, and again.. and beg for it. The sodium is also HORRIBLE for cats and will give them kidney stones.
If it's in your budget, try and buy a good qualify food. New foods are popping up that are grain free, no by-products, etc. Grain/rice are huge fillers and if a cat is prone to overeat, it will likely get fat over time. A balance of wet and dry food works for me, and keeps my cats growing and at a healthy weight. You should get a couple days worth of the food the shelter is feeding him, so that when you change his food it is not as much of a shock to his little stomach. Their stomachs are very sensitive to changes and new diets, so always mix their food, giving them more and more of the new one each feeding.
Keep a scratch post (doesn't have to be expensive.. you can buy some for $5) by areas you do not want scratched. When the kitten uses the posts, pet it and reassure it. I have a leather couch and two leather chairs and they have never been touched by my two 11 month olds.
Cats ARE expensive.. especially with a young one. If your kitten gets sick, how much are you willing to dish out to save his life? Think about it... most people have an unspoken limit of about $5,000. When a kitten gets sick, they get sick extremely quickly and they deteriorate quickly as well, since their immune systems are not very strong.
And if you ever give your kitten a bath, wrap him in a towel and dry him until completely dry - otherwise the kitten will freeze to death and get sick. Keep him toasty warm. You'll probably want to give your kitten a bath when you take him home, if he comes from a shelter especially.
Buy toys but make sure they will be safe for the kitten. If you notice your kitten is apt to chew things, make sure you don't purchase a toy that has parts that could come off and it could eat, and choke. Such as shiny ribbons, strings, and those foam balls that have smaller balls attached.. etc. Toys won't last long, either.
Try not to play with your kitten using your hands... otherwise they will scratch them to heck anytime you move it. Try to teach him that it hurts when he claws you - if he scratches you, yelp and act like an animal with a wound - he will learn.
As for cat proofing, make sure there is no food left out, ensure there are no items you don't want broken on top of tables, shelves etc. as your kitten will probably get to them at some point. Tableclothes are a bad idea with kittens, too.
Wow.. this is turning out to be long.. in short, if you take care of your cat properly, it is quite a bit of work especially in the first year, as you are teaching him. The younger a cat is the easier it is to learn for them.
Think of your new kitten as your new baby... your furbaby
As of Monday he will be completely dependent on you - just like a baby! I hope you enjoy him - what are you naming him by the way! Or are you waiting until you see his personality a bit more?